Transforming Social Capital to Strengthen Local Government Resilience in Hazard-Prone Areas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46507/jcgpp.v6i1.677Keywords:
Community Resilience, Disaster Risks, Social CapitalAbstract
This study examines the transformation of social capital in strengthening local government resilience to natural disaster risks in Gowa, Indonesia—an area highly vulnerable to multiple natural hazards. Employing a quantitative research design, the study utilises Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) via Partial Least Squares (PLS-SEM) to conduct regression analysis. Data were collected through a structured survey involving 150 respondents from 15 institutions, including government agencies, private sector actors, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and disaster response volunteers. The survey comprised 72 statement items across eight variables, ensuring the dataset’s validity and reliability. The findings indicate that strengthening social bonds, fostering community collaboration, and enhancing trust in local institutions significantly contribute to reducing the impacts of disasters by enabling swift responses and improving recovery efforts. These results underscore the vital—yet often underappreciated—role of social capital in disaster risk management and resilience building. The study calls for policy interventions that promote community cohesion and institutional trust, demonstrating that social dimensions are central to effective and sustainable disaster risk reduction. Moreover, the research aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) and Goal 13 (Climate Action), by advocating for socially inclusive, community-driven resilience strategies.
References
Abdalla, S. M., Koya, S. F., Jamieson, M., Verma, M., Haldane, V., Jung, A.-S., Singh, S., Nordström, A., Obaid, T., Legido-Quigley, H., & McNab, C. (2021). Investing in trust and community resilience: lessons from the early months of the first digital pandemic. BMJ, 375, e067487. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2021-067487
Aldrich, D. P., & Meyer, M. A. (2022). Community Level Social Capital and Resilience1. In Routledge Handbook of Environmental Hazards and Society (pp. 201–213). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367854584-18
Alexander Priest, A. (2023). Under Pressure: Social Capital and Trust in Government After Natural Disasters. Social Currents, 10(4), 381–400. https://doi.org/10.1177/23294965231153066
Alimonti, G., & Mariani, L. (2024). Is the number of global natural disasters increasing?. Environmental Hazards, 23(2), 186-202. https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2023.2239807
Alotaibi, M. A. (2023). Climate change, its impact on crop production, challenges, and possible solutions. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 51(1), 13020. https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha51113020
Antonacci, C. C., Haardörfer, R., Hermstad, A. K., Mayo-Gamble, T. L., Jacob Arriola, K. R., & Kegler, M. C. (2023). Exploring dimensions of social capital in relation to healthy eating behaviours in the US rural south. Public Health Nutrition, 26(5), 994–1005. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980023000022
Appiah-Twumasi, E., Ameyaw, Y., & Anderson, I. K. (2022). Development and Validation of Questionnaire for Physics Learning Self-Efficacy Among Ghanaian Senior High Schools. East African Journal of Management and Business Studies, 2(1), 8–18. https://doi.org/10.46606/eajess2022v03i01.0141
Ardoin, N. M., Bowers, A. W., & Gaillard, E. (2023). A systematic mixed studies review of civic engagement outcomes in environmental education. Environmental Education Research, 29(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2022.2135688
Auffhammer, M., Kahn, M. E., & Kahn, M. E. (2018). The farmer’s climate change adaptation challenge in least developed countries. 4, 193–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/BS.HESENV.2018.04.001
Barasa, B. (2018). Increased Incidences, Intensity and Scope of Disasters: Manifestation of Unsustainable Development Practices. Environment Pollution and Climate Change, 02(02), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.4172/2573-458X.1000154
Behnassi, M., Gupta, H., Ramachandran, N., Winniefridah, M., Ramachandran, G., Lakeman, S., & Ashfaq, M. (2021). Effectiveness of Disaster Risk Governance and Resilience Building: Linkages, Knowledge, Inclusiveness, and Regulation. 1–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76247-6_1
Bell, O., Pickering, C., Denton, N., O’Connor, E., Ahmed, K., Archer, F., Spencer, C., Bracken, L., & Murray, V. (2023). “Is Resilience Useful, Usable, and Used? Outlining the Social Characteristics of a Resilient System.” Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 38(S1), s151–s151. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X23003953
Benfer, E. A., & Gold, A. E. (2017). There’s No Place like Home: Reshaping Community Interventions and Policies to Eliminate Environmental Hazards and Improve Population Health for Low-Income and Minority Communities. Harvard Law & Policy Review, 11(2), S1–S52. https://scholarship.law.ua.edu/fac_articles/503
Bertoldo, R., Tanga, R., Dias, P., Guignard, S., & Schleyer-Lindenmann, A. (2020). Calculative and relational trust in the management of coastal floods and earthquakes: a comparative study (Confianza calculativa y relacional en la gestión de inundaciones costeras y terremotos: un estudio comparativo). PsyEcology, 11(2), 193–213. https://doi.org/10.1080/21711976.2020.1734398
Bhandari, H., & Yasunobu, K. (2009). What is Social Capital? A Comprehensive Review of the Concept. Asian Journal of Social Science, 37(3), 480–510. https://doi.org/10.1163/156853109X436847
Borowski, E., Soria, J., Schofer, J., & Stathopoulos, A. (2023). Does ridesourcing respond to unplanned rail disruptions? A natural experiment analysis of mobility resilience and disparity. Cities, 140, 104439. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2023.104439
Carrasco, S., Ochiai, C., & Tang, L. M. (2024). Social capital and community resilience in the wake of disasters, conflicts and displacements. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 105, 105049. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.105049
Cho, H. J., & Lee, S. U. (2022). A Study on the Housing Information Support for Disaster Management. Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, 18(11), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.14251/crisisonomy.2022.18.11.1
Ciottone, R. G., & Ciottone, G. R. (2024). 16 - Building Local Capacity and Disaster Resiliency (G. B. T.-C. D. M. (Third E. Ciottone (Ed.); pp. 102–104). Elsevier. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-80932-0.00016-1
Cockburn, T., & Cockburn-Wootten, C. (2022). Redefining Social Capital and Social Networks in Global Civil Society. In R. Oberoi, J. P. Halsall, & M. Snowden (Eds.), Contestations in Global Civil Society (pp. 119–156). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80043-700-520221010
Contreras, S., & Niles, S. (2022). Building resilience through informal networks and community knowledge sharing: post-disaster health service delivery after Hurricane Maria. Environmental Hazards, 21(5), 433–452. https://doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2022.2049191
Cvetkovic, V., & Ivkovic, T. (2022). Social resilience to flood disasters: demographic, socio-economic and psychological factors of impact. Academic Perspective Procedia, 5(2), 299–317. https://doi.org/10.33793/acperpro.05.02.8356
Deb, J., & González-Díaz, J. (2019). Enforcing social norms: Trust‐building and community enforcement. Theoretical Economics, 14(4), 1387–1433. https://doi.org/10.3982/TE2404
Deng, G., Si, J., Zhao, X., Han, Q., & Chen, H. (2022). Evaluation of Community Disaster Resilience (CDR): Taking Luoyang Community as an Example. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5177379
Doyle, C., & Mace, S. (2019). Social Media in Disasters. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 34(s1), s167–s167. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X19003819
Drake, J. M. (2023). Disasters collide at the intersection of extreme weather and infectious diseases. Ecology Letters, 26(4), 485–489. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.14188
Erten, P., & Özdemir, O. (2020). The Digital Burnout Scale. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(2), 668–683. https://doi.org/10.17679/inuefd.597890
Fan, C., Shen, J., Mostafavi, A., & Hu, X. (2020). Characterizing reticulation in online social networks during disasters. Applied Network Science, 5(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/S41109-020-00271-5
Fergusson, D. M., & Boden, J. M. (2014). The psychological impacts of major disasters. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 48(7), 597–599. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867414538677
Filipovic, J., & Arslanagic-Kalajdzic, M. (2023). Social capital theory perspective on the role of academic social networking sites. Journal of Business Research, 166, 114119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.114119
Fornalé, E., Armiero, M., & Odasso, L. (2023). Trust in disaster resilience. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, 32(2), 253–267. https://doi.org/10.1108/DPM-04-2022-0082
Gasselt, S. van, & Tsai, M.-C. (2022). Assessing The Relationship Between Urban Expansion and Landslide Hazards Using Satellite-Image Time Series and a Spatially and Temporally Explicit Data Model. IGARSS 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 3692–3695. https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS46834.2022.9884221
Grabner, S. M. (2021). Regional economic resilience: Review and outlook. In R. Wink (Ed.), Economic resilience in regions and organisations (pp. 21–25). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-33079-8_2
Gu, D., Dillard, M., Gerst, M., & Loerzel, J. (2023). Validating Commonly Used Indicators for Community Resilience Measurement. Natural Hazards Review, 24(2). https://doi.org/10.1061/NHREFO.NHENG-1642
Haggard, R. (2019). The community resilience reader: Essential resources for an era of upheaval. Community Development, 50(2), 273–274. https://doi.org/10.1080/15575330.2019.1579996
He, D., Miao, P., & Qureshi, N. A. (2022). Can industrial diversification help strengthen regional economic resilience? Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.987396
Hogeboom, R. J., Borsje, B. W., Deribe, M. M., Meer, F. D. van der, Mehvar, S., Meyer, M. A., Özerol, G., Hoekstra, A. Y., & Nelson, A. (2021). Resilience meets the water–energy–food nexus: Mapping the research landscape. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 9, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3389/FENVS.2021.630395
Horak, M., & Vanhooren, S. (2023). Somebody to Lean On: Community Ties, Social Exchange, and Practical Help during the COVID-19 Pandemic. City & Community, 153568412311593–153568412311593. https://doi.org/10.1177/15356841231159370
Houser, R. (2022). A Collaborative Model for Equitable Response and Recovery in Emergency Management. Journal of Emergency Management and Disaster Communications, 03(02), 57–81. https://doi.org/10.1142/s2689980922500014
Hu, Y., Huang, Y., Zhang, H., Fang, M., & Chen, G. (2023). Insights From China: Understanding the Impact of Community Resilience and Government Trust in Psychological Resilience and Anxiety During COVID-19. Frontiers in Public Health, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1298269
Huq, M. E., Sarker, N. I., Prasad, R., Kormoker, T., Hossain, M. A., Rahman, M. M., & Dughairi, A. A. Al. (2021). Resilience for Disaster Management: Opportunities and Challenges. 425–442. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77259-8_22
Ingham, V., Hicks, J., Wuersch, L., Islam, M. R., & Lukasiewicz, A. (2022). Local Community Leaders Operating in Disaster Recovery BT - International Handbook of Disaster Research (A. Singh (Ed.); pp. 1–18). Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8800-3_119-1
Jia, J. S., Li, Y., Lu, X., Ning, Y., Christakis, N. A., & Jia, J. (2021). Triadic embeddedness structure in family networks predicts mobile communication response to a sudden natural disaster. Nature Communications, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24606-7
Kuipers, B. (2022). Trust and Cooperation. Frontiers in Robotics and AI, 9(April), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2022.676767
Lee, Y.-H., Kao, L., Liu, W., & Pai, J.-T. (2023). A Study on the Economic Resilience of Industrial Parks. Sustainability, 15(3), 2462. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032462
Liu, W., Zhang, J., & Qian, L. (2022). Measuring Community Resilience and Its Determinants: Relocated Vulnerable Community in Western China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(1), 694. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010694
Liu, Y., Cao, L., Yang, D., & Anderson, B. C. (2022). How social capital influences community resilience management development. Environmental Science & Policy, 136, 642–651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2022.07.028
Livnat, I., & Almog-Bar, M. (2023). Who provides resilience to the community resilience providers?. Societies, 13(7), 164. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc13070164
Logan, T. M., & Guikema, S. D. (2020). Reframing Resilience: Equitable Access to Essential Services. Risk Analysis, 40(8), 1538–1553. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.13492
Lu, F. (2022). Management of Natural Disaster and Its Influence on Economic–Environmental Performance: Fresh Evidence From BRICS. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10(June), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.901017
Lubbers, M. J. (2022). Social networks and the resilience of marginalized communities. In Social networks to support food and nutrition security: a case study in the United States (pp. 1–16). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781803925783.00006
Lyu, M., Sun, B., Tian, X., & Wang, Y. (2023). How does social capital influence shadow evacuation behavior under rainstorm disaster in China. Safety Science, 162, 106098. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2023.106098
Mabor, G. E. (2020). Community Support during Disasters: A Review of Internally Displaced Population in Lakes State. The International Journal of Management, 129–139. https://doi.org/10.21522/TIJMG.2015.SE.19.02.ART014
Matthews, N., Dalton, J., Matthews, J., Barclay, H., Barron, J., Garrick, D., Gordon, L., Huq, S., Isman, T., McCornick, P., Meghji, A., Mirumachi, N., Moosa, S., Mulligan, M., Noble, A., Petryniak, O., Pittock, J., Queiroz, C., Ringler, C., … Whiting, L. (2022). Elevating the role of water resilience in food system dialogues. Water Security, 17(October), 100126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasec.2022.100126
Maurischa, S. D., Fahmi, F. Z., & Suroso, D. S. A. (2023). Transformative resilience: Transformation, resilience and capacity of coastal communities in facing disasters in two Indonesian villages. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 88, 103615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103615
Mayor, M., & Ramos, R. (2020). Regions and Economic Resilience: New Perspectives. Sustainability, 12(11), 4693. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12114693
McNeill, C., Garrison, M. E. B., & Killian, T. S. (2022). Measuring Community Resilience: An Empirical Evaluation of Two Instruments. 40(2), 117–135. https://doi.org/10.1177/028072702204000201
Menardo, E., Cubelli, R., & Balboni, G. (2022). Adaptation of the personal social capital brief scale for the measurement of the offline and online social capital in Italy. PLoS ONE, 17(9 September), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272454
Mohapatra, N., & Ketut Prasetyo, S. (2019). The Role of Social Networks in Disaster Information and Management. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP), 9(9), p9329. https://doi.org/10.29322/IJSRP.9.09.2019.p9329
Motkuri, V. (2018). Some Notes on the Concept of Social Capital: A Review of Perspectives, Definitions and Measurement. MPRA: Munich Personal RePEc Archive, 86362, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.14360.90887
Murase, Y., & Hilbe, C. (2023). Indirect reciprocity with stochastic and dual reputation updates. PLOS Computational Biology, 19(7), e1011271. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011271
Mutiarni, Y. S., Nakamura, H., & Bhattacharya, Y. (2022). The Resilience Community: Strengthening People-Centered Disaster Risk Reduction in the Merapi Volcano Community, Java, Indonesia. Sustainability, 14(4), 2215. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14042215
Mysiak, J., & Cayron, C. (2023). Economic benefits of ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction and ecosystem-based climate change adaptation: a global review. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-9646
Naheed, S. (2021). Understanding Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience: A Conceptual Framework. In Handbook of Disaster Risk Reduction for Resilience (pp. 1–25). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61278-8_1
Narain, V. (2021). Social capital and disaster risk reduction in a periurban context. In Disaster Resilience and Sustainability (pp. 651–665). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-85195-4.00010-X
Omar Chong, N., & Kamarudin, K. H. (2023). Disaster Resilience Rural Community (Drrc) Community Capitals: Case Studies In The Rural Area Of East Coast, Peninsular Malaysia. Planning Malaysia, 21(2), 40–51. https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v21i26.1258
Osei-Kyei, R., Tam, V., Komac, U., & Ampratwum, G. (2023). Critical review of urban community resilience indicators. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment. https://doi.org/10.1108/SASBE-08-2022-0180
Panday, S., Rushton, S., Karki, J., Balen, J., & Barnes, A. (2021). The role of social capital in disaster resilience in remote communities after the 2015 Nepal earthquake. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 55, 102112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102112
Patel, S. S. (2022). Concept of community resilience when disaster strikes. In Community resilience when disaster strikes (pp. 1–9). Advanced Sciences and Technologies for Security Applications. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07992-4_1
Pfefferbaum, B., Van Horn, R. L., & Pfefferbaum, R. L. (2017). A Conceptual Framework to Enhance Community Resilience Using Social Capital. Clinical Social Work Journal, 45(2), 102–110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10615-015-0556-z
Pierel, E. D., Helgeson, J., & Dow, K. (2023). Deciphering small business community disaster support using machine learning. PLOS Climate, 2(3), e0000155. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000155
Qurniati, Rommy, Febryano, I. G., & Zulfiani, D. (2017). How trust influence social capital to support collective action in agroforestry development? Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 18(3), 1201–1206. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d180344
Reilly, A. C., & Ayyub, B. M. (2020). Designing for Resilient Systems Under Emerging Risks. In Optimizing Community Infrastructure (pp. 225–238). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816240-8.00013-6
Ressler, J. (2022). Social capital, serious mental illness, and the intersection of disaster: Recommendations for enabling resilience. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 82, 103390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103390
Robinson, N., Barnett, D. T., Jones, K. D., Stanish, L. F., & Parker, S. M. (2022). Multiple Dimensions of Resilience: How NEON Supports Ecology and the Research Community in the Face of Compounding Disasters. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.653666
Salvador, M., & Sancho, D. (2021). The Role of Local Government in the Drive for Sustainable Development Public Policies. An Analytical Framework Based on Institutional Capacities. Sustainability, 13(11), 5978. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13115978
Shah, N. F., Pathan, S. K., & Shah, S. S. (2022). Empirical analysis of the impact of Performance Appraisal System on employee’s productivity: A study of Pakistan Telecommunication Limited (PTCL): Non-managerial employees’ perspective. Journal of Social Sciences Advancement, 3(4), 258–268. https://doi.org/10.52223/JSSA22-030408-54
Sharma, S., Kumar, V., & Saruchi. (2022). Community approach toward disaster resilience. In Cognitive Data Models for Sustainable Environment (pp. 125–161). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-824038-0.00003-1
Slingerland, G., Edua-Mensah, E., Gils, M. van, Kleinhans, R., & Brazier, F. M. T. (2022). We’re in this together: Capacities and relationships to enable community resilience. Urban Research & Practice, 16(3), 418–437. https://doi.org/10.1080/17535069.2022.2036804
Sousa, C., & Moss, T. (2022). Community Resilience. In Encyclopedia of Social Work. NASW Press and Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.1441
Spierenburg, M. (2022). Resilience in times of crisis. Nature Sustainability, 5(12), 1003–1004. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-022-00957-x
Sudmeier-Rieux, K., Arce-Mojica, T., Boehmer, H. J., Boehmer, H. J., Doswald, N., Emerton, L., Friess, D. A., Galvin, S., Hagenlocher, M., James, H., Laban, P., Lacambra, C., Lange, W., McAdoo, B. G., McAdoo, B. G., Moos, C., Mysiak, J., Narvaez, L., Nehren, U., … Walz, Y. (2021). Scientific evidence for ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction. 4(9), 803–810. https://doi.org/10.1038/S41893-021-00732-4
Sutley, E. J., & Lyles, L. W. (2023). Theory of change: community engagement as an intervention to create disaster resilience. Frontiers in Built Environment, 9(June), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2023.1172659
Taylor, K. H., Shoemaker, C. A., Pliakoni, E. D., Gibson, H., & Sanderson, M. (2022). Community garden practices as indicators of social resilience. Acta Horticulturae, 1356, 233–240. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2022.1356.27
Toner, E. S., Ravi, S., Adalja, A., Waldhorn, R. E., McGinty, M., & Schoch-Spana, M. (2015). Doing Good by Playing Well with Others: Exploring Local Collaboration for Emergency Preparedness and Response. Health Security, 13(4), 281–289. https://doi.org/10.1089/hs.2015.0003
Tóth, G., Elekes, Z., Whittle, A., Lee, C., & Kogler, D. F. (2022). Technology Network Structure Conditions the Economic Resilience of Regions. Economic Geography, 98(4), 355–378. https://doi.org/10.1080/00130095.2022.2035715
Utsumi, Y., & Muradi, M. T. (2024). Leveraging social capital for educational resilience in conflict: The impact of community behaviors on educational access in pre-Taliban ruling Afghanistan. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 106, 104428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104428
Varyvoda, Y. S., & Taren, D. (2022). Considering Ecosystem Services in Food System Resilience. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(6), 3652. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063652
Wei, D., Chen, Z., & Rose, A. (2020). Evaluating the role of resilience in reducing economic losses from disasters: A multi-regional analysis of a seaport disruption. Papers in Regional Science, 99(6), 1691–1722. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/pirs.12553
Wickramasinghe, D. (2021). Ecosystem-Based Disaster Risk Reduction. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Natural Hazard Science. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199389407.013.360
Widodo, T. N., Zubair, H., & Padjung, R. (2021). Land use change study and the increased risk of floods disaster in Jeneberang watershed at Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 824(1), 012045. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/824/1/012045
Wünsche, M., & Fischer, S. (2020). Community Resilience. Networks for Developing Successful Migration (pp. 45–69). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-27926-4_4
Yang, X., Li, X., Lu, K.-F., & Peng, Z.-R. (2022). Integrating rural livelihood resilience and sustainability for post-disaster community relocation: a theoretical framework and empirical study. Natural Hazards, 116, 1775–1803. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-022-05739-4
Zander, K. K., Sibarani, R., Abunyewah, M., Erdiaw-Kwasie, M. O., Moss, S. A., Lassa, J., & Garnett, S. T. (2023). Community resilience across Australia towards natural hazards: an application of the Conjoint Community Resiliency Assessment Measurement. Disasters. https://doi.org/10.1111/disa.12590
Zhang, Chenggang., & Wang, M. (2022). A Study on the Evaluation of the Public Health Governance in Countries along the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(22), 14993. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214993
Zhang, Chuanxin., Liu, Y., Yuan, S., Yang, T., Gao, Y., Zhu, C., & Ding, Z. (2020). Cross‐Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Simplified Chinese Version of the Lower Extremity Functional Scale. BioMed Research International, 2020(1). https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1421429
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 A. Junaedi Karso, Rudi Hardi, Abdul Samad Baryalai

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Please find rights and licences in Journal of Contemporary Governance and Public Policy. By submitting articles or article manuscripts, the author agrees to this policy. No special documents are required.
1. Licence
Use of articles will be governed by the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike licence as currently displayed on the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Licence (CC BY-SA).
2. Author(s)' Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by the stated author(s), has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third-party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author(s).
3. User Rights
The spirit of Journal of Contemporary Governance and Public Policy is to disseminate articles published as freely as possible. Under the Creative Commons licence, Journal of Contemporary Governance and Public Policy permits users to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work. Users will also need to attribute authors and Journal of Contemporary Governance and Public Policy for distributing works in journal and other media of publication.
4. Rights of Authors
Authors retain all their rights to the published works, such as (but not limited to) the following rights:
1. Copyright and other proprietary rights relating to the article, such as patent rights,
2. The right to use the substance of the article in future works, including lectures and books,
3. The right to reproduce the article for own purposes,
4. The right to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the article's published version (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal (Journal of Contemporary Governance and Public Policy).
5. Co-Authorship
If the article was jointly prepared by more than one author, any author submitting the manuscript warrants that he or she has been authorised by all co-authors to agree on this copyright and licence notice (agreement) on their behalf and agrees to inform his or her co-authors of the terms of this policy. Journal of Contemporary Governance and Public Policy will not be held liable for anything that may arise due to the author's internal dispute. Journal of Contemporary Governance and Public Policy will only communicate with the corresponding author.
6. Royalties
Being an open-access journal and disseminating articles for free under the Creative Commons licence term mentioned, the author(s) are aware that Journal of Contemporary Governance and Public Policy entitles the author(s) to no royalties or other fees.
7. Miscellaneous
Journal of Contemporary Governance and Public Policy will publish the article (or have it published) if the editorial process is successfully completed and the Journal or its sublicensee is obliged to proceed with its publication. The Journal also reserves the right to conform the article to its preferred style of punctuation, spelling, capitalisation, and usage.



