Resistances to Gender Mainstreaming: An Analysis of the Trend of Women Engagement in Participatory Gender-Responsive Budgeting in Bangladesh
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46507/jcgpp.v1i2.24Keywords:
Resistances, Gender Responsive Budgeting, Gender mainstreamingAbstract
Gender Responsive budgeting (GRB) is among a few approaches for gender mainstreaming that has been introduced by the governments around the world or international funding organizations to institutionalize gender equality in public reforms. The formal processes of planning and budgeting at the Union Parishad (UP) - the lowest administrative tier of Bangladesh- offer general citizens to raise their demands at the local level. Besides, there is a provision that a 30% fund will be earmarked for women. In this paper, the case of UP gender budgeting practice was analyzed from a gender perspective. On the basis of case oriented qualitative research strategy, this was an empirical study of 06 (six) UPs of three different districts of Bangladesh. The data of this study indicated that members of the Non-Government Organizations (NGO) played a catalyst role in enhancing the access of women in the UP planning and budgeting processes. Along with the existing problems of local-level planning, lack of fiscal decentralization including resource constraint, absence of women development funding, the absence of women administrative officers at the different layers of government offices and obstacles and resistances in religion and patriarchal dimensions are inhibiting women to participate in the participatory processes. For implementing the GRB reform agenda suggestions are made for creating independent women budget groups at the local government level and researching on a broader perspective on GRB issues at the central government level.
References
Alkadry, M. G., & Tower, L. E. (2014). Women and public service: Barriers, challenges, and opportunities. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.
Begum, F. S. (2014). Gender equality and women’s empowerment: suggested strategies for the 7th five year plan, General Economic Division (GED). Dh: Planning Commission, the Government of Bangladesh.
Chowdhury, S. (2015). Impact of ‘the Local Government (UP) Act, 2009’ on the local governance in Bangladesh: A focus on people’s participation and accountability. University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi.
Chowdhury, S. (2017). Democratisation of local government planning in Bangladesh. Commonwealth Journal of Local Governance. 115–134.
Chowdhury, S. & Panday, P. K. (2018). Strengthening local governance in Bangladesh: Reforms, participation and accountability (Vol. 8). Cham: Springer.
D’Agostino, M. J. (2017). Changing the narrative: The difference women make in public administration. Administration & Society, 49(1), 9–19.
Elson, D. (2001). Gender Responsive Budget Initiatives: Some Key Dimensions and Practical Examples. Retrieved from Columbia Law School website: http://www2.law.columbia.edu/faculty_franke/Gender_Devel/Elsen Gender Sensitive Budgeting.pdf
Government of Bangladesh. (2012). Gender Budgeting Report, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, The Ministry of Finance, Finance Division. Retrieved from www.mof.gov.bd
Hughes, O. E. (2003). Public management and administration: An introduction. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
Kamarudin, S. (2016). Gender Responsive and Participatory Budgeting in Penang: The People-Oriented Model. In Gender Responsive and Participatory Budgeting (pp. 55–79). Springer.
Khan, A. A. (2000). Pararthoparatar Arthanity. Dhaka: The University Press Limited.
Lee-Gosselin, H., Briere, S., & Ann, H. (2013). Resistances to gender mainstreaming in organizations: Toward a new approach. Gender in Management: An International Journal.
Marks Rubin, M., & Bartle, J. R. (2005). Integrating gender into government budgets: A new perspective. Public Administration Review, 65(3), 259–272.
Mukhopadhyay, M., Steehouwer, G., & Wong, F. (2006). Politics of the possible: gender mainstreaming and organizational change: experiences from the field. Amsterdam: KIT-Royal Tropical Institute.
Panday, P. K. (forthcoming). Women’s participation in politics at the local level in Bangladesh: a perspective from good governance in N. Ahmed (ed), Public Policy and Governance in Bangladesh: Forty Years of Experience, PP 164-178, Dhaka: The University Press Limited.
Sharp, R., & Elson, D. (2012). Budgeting for Equity: Gender budget initiatives within a framework of performance oriented budgeting. New York: United Nations Development Fund for Women.
Siddique, K. (2013). A case study of gender responsive budgeting in Bangladesh. The Commonwealth, 11, 19.
United Nation Development Programme. (2010). Gender-Sensitive Fiscal Policies: Experience of ex-post and ex-ante Gender Budgets in Asia-Pacific, Asia-Pacific Human Development Report Background Papers Series 2010/06.
Woodward, A. E. (2008). Est-il trop tard pour une approche intégrée de l’égalité? Cahiers Du Genre, (1), 95–116.
World Bank. (2007). A guide to participatory Budgeting. In A. Shah (Ed.), Participatory Budgeting. Public Sector Governance and Accountability series. Washington, DC: World Bank.
Yuliani, E. L. (2004). Decentralization, deconcentration and devolution: What do they mean. Interlaken Workshop on Decentralization, 27–30. Center for International Forestry Research Interlaken, Switzerland.
Zahid, S. J. A., & Rahman, M. M. (1994). Framework on management of local level planning in Bangladesh. In A. Salehuddin & S. J. A. Anwar (Eds.), Strategies and issues of local level planning in Bangladesh. Kotbari, Comillah: BARD.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Please find rights and licences in Journal of Contemporary Governance and Public Policy. By submitting articles or article manuscripts, the author agrees to this policy. No special documents are required.
1. Licence
Use of articles will be governed by the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike licence as currently displayed on the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Licence (CC BY-SA).
2. Author(s)' Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by the stated author(s), has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third-party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author(s).
3. User Rights
The spirit of Journal of Contemporary Governance and Public Policy is to disseminate articles published as freely as possible. Under the Creative Commons licence, Journal of Contemporary Governance and Public Policy permits users to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work. Users will also need to attribute authors and Journal of Contemporary Governance and Public Policy for distributing works in journal and other media of publication.
4. Rights of Authors
Authors retain all their rights to the published works, such as (but not limited to) the following rights:
1. Copyright and other proprietary rights relating to the article, such as patent rights,
2. The right to use the substance of the article in future works, including lectures and books,
3. The right to reproduce the article for own purposes,
4. The right to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the article's published version (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal (Journal of Contemporary Governance and Public Policy).
5. Co-Authorship
If the article was jointly prepared by more than one author, any author submitting the manuscript warrants that he or she has been authorised by all co-authors to agree on this copyright and licence notice (agreement) on their behalf and agrees to inform his or her co-authors of the terms of this policy. Journal of Contemporary Governance and Public Policy will not be held liable for anything that may arise due to the author's internal dispute. Journal of Contemporary Governance and Public Policy will only communicate with the corresponding author.
6. Royalties
Being an open-access journal and disseminating articles for free under the Creative Commons licence term mentioned, the author(s) are aware that Journal of Contemporary Governance and Public Policy entitles the author(s) to no royalties or other fees.
7. Miscellaneous
Journal of Contemporary Governance and Public Policy will publish the article (or have it published) if the editorial process is successfully completed and the Journal or its sublicensee is obliged to proceed with its publication. The Journal also reserves the right to conform the article to its preferred style of punctuation, spelling, capitalisation, and usage.



